Organizer: Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society 35
　　Mechanical Design Branch of the elastic device Committee in August 2011
　　Failure Analysis Branch of spring failure analysis and prevention of internal publications of the Committee
　　Abstract
　　 the fourth flexible device Committee and the fifth spring Failure Analysis and Prevention summary of the work of the Professional Committee
　　 the new term "two committees" list of members
　　The spring Failure Analysis and Prevention Committee Wang Renzhi director of congratulatory messages
　　 the new two committees work plan (draft)
　　The Professional Committee of spring of the new flexible device failure analysis and the first meeting of the Committee on the prevention of professional meetings
　　Summary
　　 in leaf spring technology Symposium on
　　 Call for spring paper notice
　　 visit the notice of the Spring and Equipment Exhibition in Japan in 2011
　　 2011 National Failure Analysis Conference notice
　　The 4th China Mechanical Engineering Society of Mechanical Design Branch, flexible device Professional Committee
　　The fifth China Institute of Mechanical Engineering Failure Analysis Branch of spring failure analysis and prevention of the Professional Committee
　　Summary report
　　One elastic device professional development and review of the Commission:
　　To promote the development of China's spring Mechanical Design Branch, 15 October 1989, Kusakabe fat (89) machines are available 19 No.
　　"Chinese Spring Technology Group decided to set up, employ 14 comrades as a member of the Leading Group, headed by Professor Zhang Yinghui, Cuijun Shan, Xiao Chunlin,
　　I the beginning of deputy head, Liu Hui Airlines secretary-general.
　　② January 10, 1996, Mechanical Design Branch to the machine on setting [1996] No. 01 issued a second session consists of 25 comrades spring technology
　　Surgery group leader of the group by Professor Zhang Yinghui headed, Cuijun Mountain, Ma Zhenting, Liang Naishun deputy head, secretary-general Liu Hui Hang, land
　　Bacon, deputy Secretary-General.
　　③ June 5, 2000, Design Branch, machine set up [2000] No. 5, issued a spring Technology group changed its name for the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society
　　Mechanical Design Branch of the elastic device Committee, and on January 5, 2001 appointment Shurong Fu, Jiang Ying, Zhang Jun, Qiuwen Peng, Yang Weiming, Liu
　　Deputy Secretary-General Cui-Ling, Shao Wenwu seven comrades. The second session of the Committee In addition to the death of Comrade Cuijun Hill, remained essentially unchanged. Thereafter, the Clerk
　　Are nominated to the consent of Zhang Ying and Wang Renzhi Director agreed to by the expansion of the leading members of the permanent executive deputy secretary Lu bacon, the Shu Rongfu two comrades
　　Book length. This is the third leadership, from 2001 to February 2006.
　　④ The Design Branch in February 2006 issued a document employed Professional Committee of the fourth elastic device.
　　Second, the spring failure analysis and prevention of the development and review of the Professional Committee:
　　① The 1987 Tianjin University was established in December, the first session of the Committee, the Secretariat by 14 comrades affiliated big Materials and Engineering,
　　Professor Su Deda director, by Cui Jun Shan, Xiang Song, Anhui Wen deputy director.
　　② The September 23, 1991 Failure Analysis Branch will change the secretariat affiliated 1001 below Chen Yumin director by Su Deda
　　Cuijun Hill, Xiang Song, Anhui Wen, Zhang Ying, deputy director, Liu Hui Airlines secretary-general, a total of 15 members, composed of the Second Committee.
　　The ③ September 3, 1997 Failure Analysis Branch below, failure by the Failure Analysis Branch, deputy director Wang Renzhi researcher to serve as the third spring the Commission
　　Director of employed Renzhang Ying, Cui Jun Shan deputy director, Liu Hui Hang any of the Secretary-General, Miss Bacon, deputy Secretary-General, the third by 28 comrades
　　Commission.
　　④ The failure branch of December 19, 2000, word 1201 text (2000) failure to appoint Shurong Fu, Jiang Ying, Zhang Jun Qiu Wenpeng
　　Yang Weiming, Cui-Ling Liu, Shao Wenwu seven comrades of the spring failure deputy Secretary-General. In addition to the death of Comrade Cui Shan, the third 27 Committee
　　Members plus the appointment of seven deputy secretary general of the Fourth Committee.
　　⑤ The 2006 failure of the Branch issued a document to the appointment of the fifth spring failure analysis and prevention of the Professional Committee members.
　　Second, this Committee to carry out the work:
　　Paid attention to the exchange of national spring failure analysis research: from the Second National spring technology exchange and the First National Spring
　　After the workshop, the Secretariat anchored 1001 began, the secretariat organized every subsequent academic exchanges, has fired a total of spring technology
　　Surgery conference (fourth to thirteenth) and Tenth spring failure analysis seminar (the third to the 11th) and seventh Strait research
　　Seminar. Exchange of papers more than 356, with the participation of universities, aerospace, defense, military, petrochemical, transportation, scientific research institutes
　　, Spring professional factory representative of the unit 1768, and publishing the results of nine of the promotion of our spring academic and applied technology
　　Operation exchanges (see table below):
　　Spring academic nationwide spring
　　Failure Analysis Symposium (session)
　　Strait spring specifically
　　Industry Seminar (session)
　　Time
　　(Years)
　　Location number
　　Paper
　　(Piece)
　　1 / / Xiamen / /
　　2 / 1991.10 Henan, Luoyang 11064
　　3 / 1993.5 Jiangsu, Yangzhou 9143
　　4 / 1995.9 Shandong, Taian 8145
　　5 / 1997.9 Shanxi, Yangquan 6021
　　61 2000.9 Jiangsu, Wuxi 14121
　　72 2002.9 Henan, Zhengzhou 30520
　　83 2004.9 Guangxi, Guilin 19033
　　4 2005.4 Taipei, Taiwan 80
　　95 2006.9 Jiangsu, Yangzhou 15025
　　106 2008.11 Fujian, Xiamen 16033
　　117 2010.6 Shanghai 40045
　　Total 1,768,365
　　2, edited and published 34 Chinese spring technical briefings, information of over 400. Free subscriptions.
　　Spring, organization and assistance in publishing monographs 4
　　CHEONG Ying Liu Hui Air the Decheng editor, two committees, people have participated in the preparation of the spring Manual, 1997 by the Machinery Industry Press
　　Published (first edition) 736 thousand words, a second edition of 1098 thousand words in 2008, was named the outstanding books of the State, won the praise of the national spring community.
　　② by Professor Su Deda (the first spring failure of the commission, now as a consultant) editor "spring failure analysis has been out in the machinery industry
　　Press Press, (1988).
　　③ Professor Su Deda spring (material) stress relaxation and Prevention (410 Thousand), 2000, published by the Tianjin University,
　　To say that if there is no "two committees" to assist, the book is difficult to publish, present "a difficult book, a technical book more difficult to".
　　4, each holding academic conferences are held at home and abroad for spring materials and accessories, processing equipment and testing instruments of the new product exhibitions;
　　To promote the popularization and application of these products in the spring community at the show site turnover of more than 4 million yuan in Shanghai in June 2010, to promote
　　The spring industry in China has played an "accelerator" and "catalyst" role.
　　5, spring and Taiwan Industry Association jointly organized the "Cross-Strait spring professional seminars since 2000 7
　　Times (six times the mainland, Taipei time), the two sides have agreed to its eighth seminar in Taiwan in 2012 to promote the exchange of cross-strait Spring community
　　And cooperation.
　　6, to carry out the recommended "spring failure analysis expert failure analysis engineers and spring", has recommended a 32 failure points
　　Analysis experts and 19 failure analysis engineer, won the welcome of the spring community, especially private enterprises, technical staff, improved corporate reputation, promote
　　Into the spring failure analysis carried out.
　　Each conference are arranged representatives visited a total of 15 spring specialized factories and related materials, processing equipment, testing instruments manufacturers.
　　Promote the industry within the live exchange and organized a number of seminars will be timely.
　　8, the secretariat and two committees, "Zhang, Wang, director of the nation's spring plant, especially private spring plant technical advice,
　　Help them solve some technical problems about 100 times, won the praise, many advisory unit actively asked to participate in our technology
　　Technical exchange meeting. "888" network and the global spring work to promote the online exchange will spring information to assist the national spring in
　　On this basis has opened up a "888" mold standard parts network.
　　9, expanding the member units, last year, about 400 people participated in the Shanghai exchange, strengthen the organizational strength of the two committees.
　　10, five community organizations promote the profession of the country spring (spring Standardization Technical Committee of the State Bureau of Technical Supervision, China National Machinery and Parts
　　Industry Association, Spring Branch of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society Spring Failure Committee and the elastic device Committee of Taiwan spring Industry Association) to co-
　　For organizing the meeting to do a certain amount of work achieved certain results, and promote the unity of the spring community.
　　Third, there is the question:
　　1, the main task of the Society should promote the development of technology exchange, we carried out some activities, but do also not active, the lack of
　　Small or the topic and technological exchanges, the proposed future combined with spring basic technologies, generic technology research and activities conducted in conjunction with the standard committee.
　　2, the organization building focus on small and medium-sized private enterprises is not enough; some influential private businesses in the region of the Midwest and Northeast, for school
　　Work will be given great support, very little proportion of the leading members of, cause the representative is not strong, is not conducive to the overall work of the
　　Carried out.
　　3, the spring of professional industry organizations in the five joint activities with the initial progress, but the closer the activities, but also
　　Need to study the ideas and forms to adapt to the development of the industry.
　　4, how to mobilize and organize members of the Committee the power of writing editing and publishing practical articles and books have a certain influence in order to adapt
　　The spring industry for our hope.
　　5, activity funding: In order to carry out activities, communication costs, editing and printing costs, travel, visits to the same industry reception, etc.
　　At least a year to around $ 30,000, the Committee do not charge membership fees, are paid by the Secretariat, the large conference host and support units to provide information
　　Help. In this regard, the Committee in the national counterparts to have a better evaluation.
　　February 16, 2011
　　Elastic device of the fifth Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Branch, Professional Committee
　　List of members
　　(The same position in alphabetical order)
　　No functions of the Committee Name Unit Position / Title
　　An honorary director Zhang Ying, professor at Beijing University of Science and Technology
　　2 Liu Hui Hang, Director of the People's Liberation Army 1001 strong spring Institute consultancy
　　3
　　Deputy director of the
　　Automobile Spring Co., Ltd., deputy general manager of the Yang Weiming Guangzhou, China and Germany
　　4 Shurong Fu People's Liberation Army 1001 strong spring, director of the Institute of
　　Li Xiaoping, Li Chau Holding Group Chairman
　　Chapter 6 Bi David Zhejiang Power Technology Co., Ltd., chairman of
　　7 Mayou Fang Changzhou Ming Kam spring manufacturing company chairman
　　8 Cao Huirong in Japanese joint venture Wuxi the Chak root Spring Co., Ltd., deputy general manager
　　9 Secretary-General Jiang Ying
　　Universal Parts Quality Control Center
　　Spring National Standardization Technical Committee
　　Deputy director of the
　　Secretary-General
　　10 Deputy Secretary-General Lu Bacon Zhangjiagang Deere spring Advisor
　　11
　　Deputy Secretary-General
　　Shao Wenwu Hangzhou Fuchun Spring Co., Ltd. General Manager
　　12 Sun Xi Spring Co., Ltd. of Dalian engineers
　　13 Zhao Guangfu United Artists, Shandong Automobile Spring Co., Ltd., general manager of
　　14 Ma Baolu Hubei BMW Spring Co., Ltd., chairman of
　　15 Zhao Yi joint global spring general manager
　　16 Zhao Boren Shenyang the Beiling Spring Co., Ltd., chairman of
　　17
　　Committee
　　Li Chung Jun the Ganzhou Spring Co., Ltd., deputy general manager
　　18 Shao Yaorong Wuhan spring project director of the Institute
　　19 Fengqing Fang Jinan generations assaying Instrument Co., Ltd. Technical Director
　　20
　　Expert consultants
　　Feng love the new Jiangsu University School of Mechanical Engineering, vice president of
　　21 Huang Wen, Yanshan University, School of Mechanical Engineering Professor
　　22 Guobin Yang state of nuclear power disc spring Co., Ltd. Senior Engineer
　　23 Sun Yunqiu former Shanghai Spring Manufacturing Co., Ltd. research and high
　　24 Hu Jia xing Spring Co., Ltd. of Yangzhou, chairman of
　　25 Li Heping, general manager of the Hangzhou Spring Co., Ltd.
　　Researcher at the U.S. force, 26 Tu Shirun Zhejiang Science and Technology Co., Ltd.
　　27 Cai Maosheng statehood Holdings Limited General Manager
　　Sixth Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society Professional Committee of Failure Analysis and Prevention Failure Analysis Branch spring
　　List of members
　　(The same position in alphabetical order)
　　No functions of the Committee Name Unit Position / Title
　　An honorary director of Wang Renzhi Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Research Fellow
　　2 Liu Hui Hang, Director of the People's Liberation Army 1001 strong spring Institute consultancy
　　3
　　Deputy director of the
　　TESTING Materials Science and Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University School Professor / Ph.D.
　　4 Qiu Wenpeng Steel Group Zhengzhou Metal Products Research Institute
　　5 Jun-Shanghai China Spring Co., Ltd., deputy general manager
　　6 Liu Fuqiang Liaoyang Fawer Automotive Spring Co., Ltd., deputy general manager
　　Chapter 7 Bi David Zhejiang Meili Science and Technology Co., Ltd., chairman of
　　8 charge level the new chairman of Luoyang Machine Tool Co., Ltd.
　　Miss Bacon Zhangjiagang Deere Spring Limited Consultant
　　10 Jiang Ying
　　Universal Parts Quality Control Center
　　Spring National Standardization Technical Committee
　　Deputy director of the
　　Secretary-General
　　11 Secretary-General (chief) Jiang Ying
　　Universal Parts Quality Control Center
　　Spring National Standardization Technical Committee
　　Deputy director of the
　　Secretary-General
　　1001 a strong spring, director of the Institute of the Deputy Secretary-General Shurong Fu People's Liberation Army 12
　　13
　　Deputy Secretary-General
　　Cui-Ling Liu Tianjin (Li Chau), general manager of Spring Co., Ltd.
　　14 Liu Jingbo People's Liberation Army 1001 Institute of a strong spring, assistant director
　　15 Jiang Xiaowei Hangzhou Spring Co., Ltd. Chief Engineer
　　16 Maze Min Ming Kam spring, general manager of
　　17 Zhou Rui Chongqing Aetna spring, general manager of
　　18 Jian Shen child, deputy general manager of Shanghai Nuclear Engineering disc spring manufacturing company
　　19 LIU 888 spring, General Manager
　　20 Wang Qi Jiang Su Daqi metal material company president
　　21 members Zhangxiong Hui, Xinjiang Baoshan special spring factory manager
　　22
　　Expert consultants
　　Guobin Yang state of nuclear power disc spring Co., Ltd. Senior Engineer
　　23 Sun Yunqiu former Shanghai Spring Manufacturing Co., Ltd. research and high
　　Researcher at the U.S. force, 24 Tu Shirun Zhejiang Science and Technology Co., Ltd.
　　25 Feng love the new Jiangsu University, mechanical engineering, vice president
　　26 Li Heping, general manager of Hangzhou Spring Co., Ltd.
　　27 Hu Jia xing Spring Co., Ltd. of Yangzhou, chairman of
　　28 Wang Junjiang Xike Booker Automotive Technology Co., Ltd. Technical Director
　　The fifth China Institute of Mechanical Engineering Failure Analysis Branch of spring failure analysis and prevention of the Professional Committee
　　A message from the Wang Renzhi, director of
　　Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineering, Failure Analysis Branch Zheng Zhang Director-General, distinguished delegates:
　　On the occasion of the fifth elastic devices Professional Committee of the sixth spring failure analysis and prevention of professional committees jointly Zhao
　　Open the first re-election on the occasion of the inaugural meeting, the last on behalf of the Professional Committee colleagues and I to the new term professional
　　Committee members expressed their sincere greeting!
　　Our peers in the past ten years has experienced the fastest progress in China's ever spring industry manufacturing technology, products, goods
　　And quantity and output value of the largest and fastest-growing period. Recall that in the past that period, the meeting of peers together
　　, We always laugh, because our cause is thriving. All of these in my heart left a good
　　Memories!
　　Now, because of my wife's health deteriorate, need I care, I also checked out some problems, so not to
　　With everyone together to celebrate the establishment of the new Professional Committee for failing to adhere to the station to the last one post and the hearts of deep
　　The sense of guilt. Everyone's understanding in this request.
　　In the 14 years of study and work in the spring manufacturing unwittingly have the spring manufacturing process and fatigue off
　　Fission has become my second major. I will continue to put the knowledge from a spring plant and corporate secondary schools to see in the future points after digestion
　　Analysis and collation, and then return to the spring industry.
　　Finally, I wish the new team of professional committees on academic exchanges and technical innovation in advancing spring project, to achieve greater
　　Results!
　　Wang Renzhi
　　2011-6-17 Beijing
　　Elastic device of the fifth Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Branch, Professional Committee
　　Sixth Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society Professional Committee of Failure Analysis and Prevention Failure Analysis Branch spring
　　2011-2013 work plan
　　No time work
　　Work
　　Category
　　Remarks
　　1 2011.10 before
　　Continue to improve the professional rules and regulations of the Commission:
　　A statute of the Commission;
　　The secretariat work rules;
　　Recommended failure engineers working procedures;
　　Recommended failure expert working procedures;
　　5 Recommendation Commission procedures;
　　Organization
　　Build
　　2011.10 raised
　　2
　　2012.6-.12
　　The organization has been the failure of the staff of engineers certificate senior failure analysis skills training;
　　Training both to choose one
　　The three organizations already have the case of AC failure expert certificate;
　　42011-2012
　　(1) 2011-2012 the middle of the spring after spraying the relationship between process and spring fatigue life, and strive to make a
　　Domestic spring material spring fatigue curve, the completion of the study, to prepare for the future revision of the design standards.
　　Study
　　Combined with spring Standard Authority to carry out basic common technology
　　Surgery study.
　　52012-2013
　　(2) continue to improve the truncated conical helical compression spring design formula of the derivation and validation of completion of the study, through
　　Been identified to prepare for the future revision of the formula.
　　Combined with a truncated conical spring standards development
　　2011.9 forwarding failure Committee of Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an notice of the meeting
　　Exchange
　　Welcome spring enterprises to actively participate, Contributors
　　7 2012.4-.9
　　2012.3 preparation for the 2012 academic (ie, the 14th National Spring Academic Council, the 12th spring loss
　　Efficiency are discussed and the 8th to the cross-strait spring professional seminars):
　　① Man collecting: The Call for Papers focus should be on technological innovation (including the introduction and assimilation of innovation, group innovation and
　　Self-innovation) and innovation, in addition to a broad national essay, two Commissioners Contributors one for each person, failure points
　　Expert analysis and failure analysis engineers per person Contributors one, see the Call for Papers.
　　② preparations for Taiwan to attend the 2012 cross-strait spring professional seminars, intends to visit the spring specialized factories, processing
　　Equipment and testing devices and materials factory with the unit to conduct academic exchanges.
　　The ③ assist spring Association of the Foreign Affairs Committee visits to the spring exhibition in November 2011
　　Text levy notice issued in August
　　2011.9 to carry out contact with Taiwan.
　　2011.12 to complete the implementation of the various academic exchange
　　Stream, visit content
　　8 2011.12 before
　　Completion of the participating organizations, visit the Las Vegas Auto Parts Exhibition, and the preparatory work of the relevant exchange
　　For.
　　Contact the implementation of visits to businesses and exhibitors in the form
　　Costs.
　　9 2011.12 with the spring standard committee additions have been published in the spring manufacturing and related enterprises Daquan "propaganda
　　Chinese and English version, the focus should be the addition of the spring
　　Professional factories, two appointed members of the unit.
　　Elastic device of the fifth Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Branch, Professional Committee
　　Sixth Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society Professional Committee of Failure Analysis and Prevention Failure Analysis Branch spring
　　The first plenary session
　　Minutes of meetings
　　(Time: the evening of 18 June 2011 20:00-22:00)
　　June 18, 2011, "two committees" after the change of the first plenary session was held in Dongguan. Superiors to the meeting with Chinese
　　Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Failure Analysis Branch of the Director-General Zheng Zhang; Machinery Industry General Parts Association Du Guosen; Research Institute of Mechanical vice
　　Dean, Director of the spring Standardization Technical Committee Vandervelde; spring branch on behalf of General Parts Association of Machinery Industry Cheng Jianzhong; in
　　Machine Productivity Promotion Center Director Li Qin, deputy chief engineer Liwei Rong and the Office of the Secretariat as well as members of the new term of "two committees".
　　The meeting was presided over by the new term "two committees" the Secretary-General Jiang Ying, by the superiors learn leadership on behalf of the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society of Failure Analysis Branch
　　The Director-General Zheng Zhang took the Fifth China Professional Committee of Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Branch of flexible devices, and sixth in Mechanical Engineering
　　Failure Analysis Branch spring failure analysis and prevention of professional members of the general approval; represented by the last two Commission Secretariat deputy secretary general of Shu Rongfu
　　Session of the two committees do the work summary; the current "two committees" Director of Liu Hui Hang on the new committee explains. To will lead phase
　　Following the speech, given on the spring academic "two committees" since its inception to carry out the work and achievements fully affirmed; two
　　Old Director: Professor Zhang Yinghui, Professor Wang Renzhi for many years served as director of the elastic device Committee, spring failure the commission made the work and the projectile
　　The spring industry is doing selfless dedication to pay tribute and thanks. Xi'an, 1001 strong spring research achievements made during its Secretariat
　　Gave full recognition and contributions; efforts and contribution made by the Members, experts for the technical development of the spring industry, academic exchanges
　　Affirmed and gratitude. Also hope that the new spring academic "two committees" to continue to build on our achievements at the national 12th Five-Year Development Outline, machine
　　Mechanical industrial revitalization plan, under the guidance of the national spirit of Technology Assembly, the unity of industry experts, members do spring academic, technical
　　And exchanges.
　　The meeting listened to the Secretariat on the current "two committees" Recent work plan and the main points; delegates on how the two committees to work
　　And the recent focus on the discussion. Reached the following consensus:
　　A. Agree and support the "two committees" general approval (see Annex).
　　Two. Agree with the last "two committees" summary of the work and general instructions (see Annex).
　　Three. Complementary amendment to the 2011 work plan of the "two committees" and the recent work points (see Annex).
　　Four. Two committees, members of the spring learn to participate in 2001 'national spring industry of new products, new technologies and technological information exchange,
　　Expressed satisfaction with the preparatory work of the exhibition, "to pay hard work, Jiang Ying, Miss Bacon, Liu Li, Zhao Yi, I appreciate and I
　　In recognition.
　　V. Delegates that leadership called on to respond positively to the "two committees", will take the initiative to actively participate in relevant activities, completion of sub-
　　Rationing their own work, unity and peers at home and abroad spring organization, make a practical contribution to promote the technological progress of the spring industry in China
　　Offer.
　　The meeting shall close on the completion of the items on the agenda.
　　June 18, 2011
　　In leaf spring technology exchange meeting minutes
　　China Guangdong Dongguan 2011-06-20
　　One session was opened by the Decheng president delivered a welcome speech (at 8:00 on June 20th)
　　Vandervelde president first welcomed the visit of the three experts of the Japanese side affirmed the meeting is timely and necessary.
　　Second, the delegates attendance
　　Delegates to introduce themselves and sign single signature. A total of 26 delegates attended the meeting. List of participants see will
　　Meeting minutes of attachment.
　　Third, China to Osaka, Japan after the meeting, China recommended that the status of the proposal for the leaf spring standard recommended by the Conference and the Inter-
　　Step by step to carry out the work:
　　First Inter-leaf spring standard for comparative analysis;
　　The second key technology research and test (validation);
　　As of the end of May, has completed the first level analysis and comb for national standards.
　　Currently being carried out the experimental validation of key technologies.
　　Fourth, the project leader Dr. Chen Xin Japanese side informed the proposals for changes in China is preparing to submit a new leaf spring.
　　Chinese leaf spring scope of the proposal to do a limited, changes in nuclear ISOTC227 Chairman of the Osaka meeting, the German proposal:
　　Heart: get rid of the railway and construction of the spring, while the automobile into a road vehicle as defined in ISO3883,.